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Stroke Volume Calculator

Calculate cardiac stroke volume (SV = EDV − ESV) and cardiac output. Normal stroke volume is 60–130 mL per beat, reflecting the heart's pumping efficiency per contraction.

Concept Fundamentals
60–130 mL
Normal SV
4–8 L/min
Normal CO
>55%
EF Normal

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Key values and context for this tool: • Normal SV: 60–130 mL • Normal CO: 4–8 L/min • EF Normal: >55%

Key values
60–130 mL
Normal SV
Key value
4–8 L/min
Normal CO
Key value
>55%
EF Normal
Key value

Ready to run the numbers?

Why: Calculate cardiac stroke volume (SV = CO/HR or SV = EDV − ESV).

How: Stroke volume represents the amount of blood ejected per heartbeat, normally 60–100 mL in healthy adults.

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Total blood flow per minute
L/min
bpm
For BSA
kg
For BSA
cm

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before acting on results.

Stroke volume (SV) is the amount of blood ejected per heartbeat. SV = CO ÷ HR or SV = EDV − ESV. Normal range 60–100 mL. Stroke volume index (SVI) = SV ÷ BSA; normal 35–60 mL/m². Sources: Guyton, AHA, ESC.

60–100
Normal SV (mL)
35–60
Normal SVI (mL/m²)
≥50%
Normal EF
<40
Severely Low SV (mL)

Sources: Guyton, AHA, ESC

Key Takeaways

  • • SV reflects ventricular pump function; low SV indicates impaired cardiac output
  • • CO/HR method is common when cardiac output is measured (e.g., thermodilution, echo)
  • • EDV − ESV from echo gives SV and ejection fraction
  • • SVI normalizes for body size; useful in critical care and heart failure

Did You Know?

🫀 Athletes can have SV 100–120 mL due to cardiac remodeling
📊 SV × HR = cardiac output; typical CO at rest is 4–6 L/min
💡 Frank-Starling: increased preload increases SV up to a point
🌍 Low SV (&lt;40 mL) suggests severe systolic dysfunction
📈 SVI &lt;35 mL/m² indicates reduced cardiac index
🎯 Echo LVOT method: SV = π(d/2)² × VTI

How Does Stroke Volume Work?

CO/HR Method

SV = (cardiac output in L/min × 1000) ÷ heart rate. Converts total flow per minute to flow per beat.

EDV − ESV Method

SV = end-diastolic volume − end-systolic volume. EF = (SV ÷ EDV) × 100. From echocardiography.

Stroke Volume Index

SVI = SV ÷ BSA. BSA from Mosteller: √(weight × height ÷ 3600). Normal SVI 35–60 mL/m².

Expert Tips

Use CO/HR when you have thermodilution, Fick, or echo-derived cardiac output
EDV-ESV requires accurate volumetric measurements from echo or MRI
SVI is preferred in ICU for goal-directed therapy and shock management
Low SV with high HR suggests compensatory tachycardia; treat underlying cause

SV Categories

SV (mL)Category
<40Severely Reduced
40–60Reduced
60–100Normal
>100High Normal / Elevated

Frequently Asked Questions

What is stroke volume?

Stroke volume (SV) is the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle per heartbeat. SV = EDV − ESV or SV = CO ÷ HR. Normal range is 60–130 mL per beat, reflecting the heart's pumping efficiency per contraction.

SV vs CO vs CI?

SV = blood per beat (mL). Cardiac output (CO) = SV × HR (L/min). Cardiac index (CI) = CO ÷ BSA. Normal CO is 4–8 L/min; normal CI is 2.5–4 L/min/m².

What are normal ranges?

Normal SV: 60–130 mL. Normal SVI: 35–60 mL/m². Normal EF: &gt;55%. Values &lt;40 mL indicate severely reduced function; &gt;120 mL may suggest volume overload.

What factors affect stroke volume?

Preload (venous return), afterload (arterial resistance), and contractility. Frank-Starling mechanism: increased preload increases SV. Heart failure, valve disease, and shock alter SV.

What is the clinical significance?

Low SV indicates impaired cardiac output. SV is used in heart failure assessment, ICU monitoring, and shock management. SVI &lt;35 mL/m² suggests reduced cardiac index.

How is stroke volume measured?

CO/HR method: SV = (CO in L/min × 1000) ÷ HR. Echo: SV = EDV − ESV. LVOT method: SV = π(d/2)² × VTI. Thermodilution and Fick also provide CO for SV calculation.

Key Statistics

60–100
Normal SV (mL)
35–60
Normal SVI (mL/m²)
4–6
Resting CO (L/min)
50%+
Normal EF

Official Data Sources

Guyton Textbook ↗
Hemodynamic physiology
AHA ↗
Cardiovascular guidelines
ESC ↗
European cardiology guidelines
PubMed ↗
Stroke volume research

⚠️ Disclaimer: This calculator is for educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

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