MAGI โ Smart Financial Analysis
Calculate Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) for Roth IRA, ACA subsidies, Medicare IRMAA, and student loan interest eligibility
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MAGI = AGI + Add-backs. For Roth IRA, MAGI phase-out in 2024: Single $138K-$153K, Married Filing Jointly $218K-$228K. ACA premium tax credits use household MAGI. AGI is your total income minus above-the-line deductions (line 11 of Form 1040).
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Why: MAGI = AGI + Add-backs. Add-backs include: student loan interest deduction, traditional IRA contributions, foreign earned income exclusion, foreign housing exclusion, tax-exempt...
How: Enter Adjusted Gross Income ($), Calculation Purpose, Filing Status to get instant results. Try the preset examples to see how different scenarios affect the outcome, then adjust to match your situation.
Run the calculator when you are ready.
๐ Example Scenarios โ Click to Load
Primary Inputs
Add-backs (enter amounts to add back to AGI)
AGI to MAGI Waterfall
MAGI Thresholds by Program
MAGI by Example Scenario
Income Composition
For educational purposes only โ not financial advice. Consult a qualified advisor before making decisions.
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MAGI is the IRS's gatekeeping number โ it determines eligibility for Roth IRA contributions ($153K single/$228K married in 2024), ACA premium subsidies, Medicare Part B surcharges (IRMAA), student loan interest deductions, and more. MAGI = AGI + certain deductions added back (student loan interest, IRA deductions, foreign earned income, tax-exempt bond interest). The confusing part: MAGI is calculated differently for different programs. Your W-2 salary alone may be lower than your MAGI once add-backs are applied.
What is Modified Adjusted Gross Income?
MAGI starts with your AGI (line 11 of Form 1040) and adds back specific exclusions and deductions. Each program โ Roth IRA, ACA, Medicare IRMAA, student loan interest โ uses a slightly different MAGI definition. Common add-backs: foreign earned income exclusion, tax-exempt municipal bond interest, traditional IRA contributions, student loan interest deduction, non-taxable Social Security.
MAGI Formula
Add-backs vary by purpose. For Roth IRA: foreign income, tax-exempt interest, IRA deductions. For ACA: add non-taxable Social Security. For student loan: add tuition deductions (but NOT the student loan interest itself when calculating that deduction).
MAGI for Roth IRA
2024 phase-out: Single $138K-$153K, Married Filing Jointly $218K-$228K. Above the upper limit = no direct Roth IRA contributions. Consider backdoor Roth IRA if over the limit. Add-backs for Roth MAGI include IRA deductions, so maxing 401(k) (which reduces AGI) helps more than IRA for Roth eligibility.
MAGI for ACA Subsidies
ACA premium tax credits use household MAGI. At 400% of federal poverty level (~$103K single), the subsidy cliff kicks in โ no credits above that. MAGI for ACA adds back foreign income, tax-exempt interest, and non-taxable Social Security. Student loan interest is also added back for ACA.
MAGI vs AGI
AGI
Line 11 of Form 1040. Total income minus above-the-line deductions. Lower number.
MAGI
AGI + add-backs. Used for benefit eligibility. Typically higher than AGI.
How to Reduce MAGI
- Maximize traditional 401(k) and 403(b) contributions โ reduces AGI before MAGI
- Contribute to HSA if eligible
- Time income recognition (e.g., defer bonuses)
- Use above-the-line deductions (student loan interest reduces AGI but is added back for some MAGI purposes)
- For Roth IRA: 401(k) helps; IRA deduction is added back for Roth MAGI
Common MAGI Add-backs
Phase-out Ranges
Many benefits don't cut off abruptly. In the phase-out range, your benefit is reduced proportionally. Example: Roth IRA phase-out $138K-$153K single โ at $145K MAGI you get ~53% of the max contribution. Formula: Reduced Benefit = Max ร (Upper - MAGI) / (Upper - Lower).
Disclaimer: This calculator provides estimates. MAGI rules vary by program and tax year. Consult a tax professional for your situation. Thresholds are for 2024; verify current year limits.
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