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Daily Light Integral (DLI)

DLI = PPFD × hours × 0.0864 (mol/m²/day). Low-light 5–10, medium 10–20, high 20+ mol/m²/day. Drives photosynthesis.

Concept Fundamentals
DLI
300 µmol
PPFD
12h
Hours
Status
Calculate DLImol/m²/day

Why This Biology Metric Matters

Why: DLI determines photosynthesis capacity. Too low = slow growth. Too high = light stress.

How: DLI = PPFD (µmol/m²/s) × hours × 0.0864. PPFD from PAR meter or light specs.

  • Low-light plants 5–10, medium 10–20, high-light 20+ mol/m²/day.
  • 1 µmol/m²/s for 1 hour ≈ 0.0036 mol/m². Factor 0.0864.
  • Supplement when natural light insufficient. DLI additive.

📋 Quick Examples — Click to Load

PAR meter reading
Photoperiod
Please enter a valid PPFD value greater than 0.

For educational use only. Always confirm dosages and care with a licensed veterinarian.

🧬 Biology Facts

☀️

DLI = total photons per m² per day. Drives photosynthesis rate.

— Purdue

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PPFD in µmol/m²/s. PAR range 400–700 nm. LED efficiency varies.

— Extension

Daily Light Integral (DLI) measures total cumulative PAR that plants receive over 24 hours in mol/m²/day. Formula: DLI = PPFD × hours × 0.0864. Low-light plants need 5-10, medium 10-20, high-light 20+ mol/m²/day.

0.0864
Conversion factor
5-30
DLI range (mol/m²/day)
400-700
PAR nm range
95%
LED efficiency

Sources: USDA, Purdue Extension, PAR meter manufacturers.

Key Takeaways

  • • DLI = PPFD × hours × 0.0864 (mol/m²/day)
  • • Low-light plants: 5-10, medium: 10-20, high: 20-30+ mol/m²/day
  • • Light source efficiency affects effective DLI (LED 95%, HPS 85%, fluorescent 75%)
  • • Seasonal light varies; winter may need supplemental lighting

Did You Know?

🔢 1 µmol/m²/s for 1 hour ≈ 0.0036 mol/m². Factor 0.0864 combines conversion.
📊 Tomatoes and cannabis need 20-40 mol/m²/day for optimal fruiting.
💡 PAR meters measure 400-700 nm wavelength range used by plants.
🌍 Natural sunlight DLI varies: summer 100%, winter 55-60% in many regions.
📈 LED grow lights are 95% efficient; fluorescent is 75%.
🎯 DLI is additive—supplemental light adds to natural light.

How Does DLI Work?

PPFD vs DLI

PPFD is instantaneous intensity; DLI is cumulative daily total. DLI = PPFD × hours × 0.0864.

Plant Requirements

Different plants need different DLI. Low-light houseplants (5-10), herbs (10-20), fruiting vegetables (20-30+).

Light Source Efficiency

Sunlight 100%, LED 95%, HPS 85%, fluorescent 75%. Effective PPFD = PPFD × efficiency × seasonal factor.

Expert Tips

Measure PPFD at plant canopy height for accuracy.
Use PAR meter at plant canopy height for accurate PPFD readings.
Add supplemental light when natural DLI is insufficient in winter.
Consider upgrading to LED for efficiency and longevity.

Plant DLI Requirements

CategoryDLI RangeOptimal
low light5-107.5
medium10-2015
high20-3025

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between PPFD and DLI?

PPFD measures instantaneous light intensity in µmol/m²/s at a specific moment. DLI measures total cumulative light energy over 24 hours in mol/m²/day. DLI = PPFD × hours × 0.0864.

How do I measure PPFD?

Use a quantum PAR meter (photosynthetically active radiation meter) measuring 400-700 nm. Place the sensor at plant canopy height for accurate readings.

What DLI do tomatoes need?

Tomatoes are high-light plants requiring 20-30 mol/m²/day DLI for optimal growth. Seedlings need 12-18, vegetative 20-25, flowering/fruiting 25-35 mol/m²/day.

Can I use DLI for all plants?

Yes. Low-light plants need 5-10, medium 10-20, high-light 20-30+ mol/m²/day. Requirements vary by species and growth stage.

How does light source affect DLI?

Different sources have efficiency factors: sunlight 100%, LED 95%, HPS 85%, fluorescent 75%. The calculator accounts for these when computing effective DLI.

What happens if DLI is too low or too high?

Too low: slow growth, leggy plants, poor flowering. Too high: photoinhibition, leaf bleaching, heat stress. Adjust duration or intensity accordingly.

Key Statistics

36 mol
Tomato DLI
12 mol
Lettuce DLI
0.0864
Conversion
95%
LED efficiency

Official Data Sources

⚠️ Disclaimer: This calculator is for educational purposes only. Actual light received may vary due to distance, reflectivity, and distribution. Verify with a PAR meter at plant canopy height. Plant requirements are general guidelines.

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